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Cane toads in Australia
The cane toad (''Rhinella marina''; formerly ''Bufo marinus'') is an invasive species in Australia. The cane toad is the largest species in the family Bufonidae. Adult cane toads are usually heavy-built and weigh an average of up to 1.8 kg. (4 lbs.). Their size may vary from 10–23 cm.(4–9 in.) and their skin is warty. The coloration on their back and sides may vary from olive-brown or reddish-brown, gray, and yellow while their bellies are semi-yellow or semi-white with darker mottling. Their body is round and flat, has prominent corneal crests, and light middorsal stripes. Their front feet are unwebbed, but their back feet have tough, leathery webbing. Cane toads have short legs and a ridged bony head that extends forward from their eyes to their nose. Behind their ears lies the parotoid gland, which usually causes their head to appear swollen. This gland is used for defense against predators. The parotoid gland produces milky toxic secretion or poison that is dangerous to many species. This poison primarily affects the functioning of the heart. Intoxication is painful, but is usually not fatal for humans. However, it does have some effects, such as burning of the eyes and hands, and skin irritation.〔
==Invasive species==
The cane toad in Australia is regarded as an exemplary case of a "feral species"—others being rabbits, foxes, cats and giant mimosa. Australia's relative isolation prior to European colonisation and the industrial revolution—both of which dramatically increased traffic and importation of novel species—allowed development of a complex, interdepending system of ecology, but one which provided no natural predators for many of the species subsequently introduced. The recent, sudden inundation of foreign species has led to severe breakdowns in Australian ecology, after overwhelming proliferation of a number of introduced species for which the continent has no efficient natural predator or parasite, and which displace native species—in some cases these species are physically destructive to habitat as well. Cane toads have been very successful as an invasive species, having become established in more than 15 countries 〔http://search.proquest.com/docview/862947521/fulltext?accountid=4117〕 within the past 150 years. The Australian Government placed cane toads in the Environment Protection if Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 as a "key threatening process" 〔http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/invasive/ferals/cane-toads.html〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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